Friends of the Earth Melbourne (October 2008) Draft

National Toxics Network

Survey of Pesticides in Surface Waters of Domestic Water Supplies – Victorian Water Authorities 1998* - 2007.

1. Summary

There is little monitoring of agrochemicals in surface waters in Victoria. Water authorities have the best set of information in Victoria about pesticides in drinking water, but in many cases even this is most likely woefully inadequate. Between 2006 and 2007, Friends of the Earth, through Freedom of Information requests, gained access to some of the records of the State's Water Authorities mainly covering the years 1998-2007, and was surprised at the lack of information supplied by authorities.

Pesticides detected in Victorian domestic water supplies included; 2,4-D, Glyphosate, Hexazinone, Simazine, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine and the organochlorines Hexachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenol, Diedrin/Aldrin, Heptachlor, Methoxychlor, Lindane and Endosulphan (Temephos, MCPA, 245TCP, 4,chlorophenoxyacetic acid detected by Barwon Water 2007-08). The most serious incidents appear to be mostly related to use of 2,4-D, which is classified by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) as a Class 2B carcinogen - possibly carcinogenic to humans. 2,4-D is also known as an endocrine disruptor. Many of the organochlorines had been banned for some time yet residues remain in sediment, which can be mobilised during rainfall. (Most of the pesticides detected are known endocrine disruptors).

Only one pesticide pollution incident was reported above the Australian Drinking Water Health Limit, with sixteen (seventeen after July 08) coming in above the Australian Drinking Water Guideline Limits. The most at risk water supplies, according to the limited FoI information, appear to be the two open aquaduct systems which flow into the Wurdee Boluc Reservoir and into the Stony Creek Reservoirs managed by Barwon Water. These aquaducts are at risk from cropping and grazing pesticides as the aquaducts flow through open farmland, in some places lower than surrounding farmland. The Broken Creek system managed by Goulburn Murray Water, which supplies the communities of Nathatalia and Numurkah also appears to be at some risk as do some communities relying on channel water in northern Victoria. The longest duration pollution incident reported in the past decade occurred in the Moorabool System (Barwon Water) with the herbicide Hexazinone, associated with weed control in pine plantations, leaching at low volumes for almost 3 years. The pesticide was detected 50km downstream.

Many more questions remain about the quality of drinking water in terms of pesticide pollution. In mid 2007 four water authorities (28.6%) were not testing for pesticides at all (that number is now two). Seven water authorities (50%) were testing on average only two currently used pesticides, leaving only three (21.4%) water authorities testing for between 40-72 pesticides. This means that in late 2007, eleven (78.6%)of the fourteen water authorities were testing for less than 2 currently used pesticides. This is most unsatisfactory.

To put this into context, Friends of the Earth estimates that between 200-300 pesticides are used in Melbourne's water supply above Sugarloaf Reservoir which is dominated by vineyards, orchards, berry farms etc. Melbourne Water only test for two currently used pesticides, atrazine and 2,4-D, which represent approximately <1% of pesticides used in the Yarra catchment. The Maffra/Stratford water supply in Gippsland is dominated by irrigated pasture, yet no testing on pesticides is carried out by Gippsland Water. Much of Ballarat's water supply is dominated by potato farms and plantations. The water authority in the Ballarat region Central Highands Water uses Hexazinone in their plantations many of which surround reservoirs, yet does not test for it or many other pesticides widely used by the potato industry. These examples are not uncommon which means that many water supplies may be at risk but no data is available to determine if pesticides are leaching into these water supplies.

The three most commonly used pesticides used in Australia, Glyphosate, Atrazine and Simazine remain under-sampled across Victorian water supplies. 4/14 authorities test for Glyphosate, 5/14 test for Atrazine and 1?/14 test for Simazine, even though Simazine is registered for use across a plethora and land uses. Friends of the Earth estimates that over 200 'commonly used' pesticides in Victoria remain untested by any water authority, whilst approximately only 70 are tested by at least one water authority. This means that the 140 positive pesticide results recorded in this survey are likely to represent a tiny fraction of the total range of pesticides that could be in the water, particularly in times of heavy rainfall after spraying events. It should also be stated that most of the pesticide testing reviewed in this project has been conducted during a ten year 'dry spell' which may well have influenced overall results to a certain extent.

2. Recommendations

1) Water authorities must undertake detailed catchment surveys to determine which pesticides are being used in what volumes in different parts of their catchments to aid in the design of more effective monitoring programs. Catchment protection should be a priority including multiple barriers to prevent pest and toxic chemicals getting into waterways. Rapid implementation of water protection policies also needs to occur.

2) Water authorities must be transparent and accountable in relation to pesticide monitoring in water supplies. The number of pesticides tested and the frequency of testing needs to be reviewed to ensure the programs are relevant and measuring currently used pesticides. Monitoring data must be available to the public.

3) A list of Restricted Use "Water Supply" pesticides must be determined by the Department of Primary Industries, after public consultation, and circulated to all pesticide users operating within domestic water supply catchments. This could be regarded as an extension of the current 'restricted use' provisions already in operation. If restricted pesticides continue to be detected they should be banned from use in water supply catchments.

4) The pesticide control of use legislation must be amended to require commercial users of pesticides operating in domestic water supplies, to maintain records of pesticide use for an indefinite period. Copies of pesticide records should be made available to water authorities and the DPI.

5) Postive pesticide detections must be followed up with an investigation by water authorities and/or the DPI to determine the source of pesticide contamination. Remedial action must be taken to stop the source of pesticide contamination entering waterways. Postive pesticide results, at any level, mustbe made public by water authorities.

6) Water authorities managing high risk catchments should invest in water treatment facilities which incorporate the use of treatments to remove pesticide residues, such as carbon filters and/or reverse osmosis filtration.

Table of Contents

February 2008: Woori Yallock Creek. Strawberry pesticide spraying in Melbourne's water supply. Pesticides used on strawberries and many other agricultural practices are not tested for by Melbourne Water.

During the 1970's and 1980's Friends of the Earth in Melbourne was very active on pesticide issues. Emphasis on pesticide issues within the Friends of the Earth network in the 1990's 'centred' on Tasmania, particularly in regards to the misuse of Atrazine in forest plantations. For a number of years however members of Friends of the Earth Melbourne’s Forest Collective, (The Forest Network 1993-2004) became increasingly concerned about the use of agrochemicals in the plantation forestry industry. Friends of the Earth was concerned that many plantations (particularly pine) were grown in high rainfall areas of Victoria and in areas that may be used for domestic water supplies.

A list of pollution incidents concerning plantations was compiled by FoE highlighting the fact that pollution events had occurred, but these had largely been confined to Tasmania and South Australia. Very little information was available regarding incidents in Victoria and the privatisation of the States plantation base in 1998 (sold to Hancock Victorian Plantations), meant that plantation forestry was exempt from Freedom of Information requests and therefore ‘beyond the public gaze’. It was also evident that plantation forestry was booming throughout the state. What was the impact of the plantation expansion on the state's water supplies?

In early 2002 and 2003 Friends of the Earth sent out Freedom of Information (FoI) requests to the Gippsland EPA and Gippsland Water, requesting information about positive pesticide detections in Gippsland catchments and catchments that supplied residents in the region with drinking water. FoE had long been involved in monitoring logging operations in the privatised Strzelecki Ranges. FoE had also heard rumours of pesticide pollution in the Strzeleckis, but was unsure where these events had been documented.

Limited information came from the FoI requests except for the acknowledgement that the pine herbicide Hexazinone had leached from a Hancock plantation (at Lecki) in 1998 above Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) guideline levels and that Simazine had leaked in a pollution incident, outside of a domestic water supply. It was a shock to learn that testing for pesticides was not taking place by Gippsland Water, they were actually relying on information to be sent to them. Was this also the case with all Victorian water authorities?

North East Water had been contacted by FoE in early 2003 concerning the water supplies for Beechworth and Yackandandah. FoE was sent a list of pesticides and other pollutants stating what North East Water was sampling for. The authority was not testing for plantation herbicides even though Yackandandah has a water supply dominated by pine plantations that were being clearfelled and sprayed with herbicides.

Friends of the Earth began mapping the state’s plantation base in 2001, not only as a means of locating plantations, but also as a means of determining which plantations were located in which domestic water supplies. This information was not added to GIS programmes until early 2007 after grants from the Reichstein and Fouress Foundations. For maps see here.

By and large it was found that new bluegum plantations were being grown outside of domestic water supplies. There are notable exceptions to this trend; Midways in the Otways establishing bluegums and replanting pines with bluegums (water supply for SW Victoria), Harris Daishowa '02 in the Rocky River (Orbost water supply), Great Southern Plantations catchments in Gippsland (Meeniyan 06, Boolara 06, Foster Jan 08), Enviroinvest (Stawell Dec 07) and Woolybutt/Rimbunan Hijau Candowie Reservoir (Phillip Island Apr 08). These incursions appeared initially to be minor in comparison to existing pine plantations located in water supplies, particularly those owned by Hancock Victorian Plantations throughout Victoria and Midway Plantations Pty Ltd in the Otways.

In May 2006 Friends of the Earth and the Otways Conservation Council organized a forum at Gellibrand in the Otway Ranges. From FoE’s existing plantation mapping of the region, it became clear that the water supply with the most plantations located in it in Victoria, was probably the Gellibrand River For Otways maps see here.

The Gellibrand River is the main source of water in south west Victoria, providing drinking water to over 50,000 people. The Otway's largest plantation managers, Midway Plantations Pty Ltd, were establishing new hardwood plantations in the region and replanting pine plantations with bluegum. Bluegum expansion raised the scenario of increased spray regimes and aerial spraying of insecticides. The township of Gellibrand also had plantations within one kilometre of its offtake on Lardners Creek. A representative from South West Water also attended the meeting and provided a list of pesticides that South West Water test for. People attending the meeting were more than alarmed to learn that none of the pesticides used in plantations in the Otways were currently being tested for by the water authority.

In the second half of 2006 Friends of the Earth became aware of a pollution incident at a Hancock pine plantation at Korweinguboora, located south of Daylesford. Since 2002, the plantation had been an issue of concern for Friends of the Earth as 1400ha of the plantation surrounds Korweinguboora Reservoir, which is part of Geelong’s water supply. The Geelong water supply is managed by Barwon Water. Incidentally in a meeting held with Barwon Water, earlier in 2006, Barwon Water had stated that pesticides were regarded as a low risk.

Friends of the Earth conducted a Freedom of Information request with Barwon Water asking for details of positive pesticide readings. The response showed that unlike Gippsland Water, Barwon Water had a more rigorous pesticide monitoring system, however the FoI also revealed that not only had the Barwon system been threatened by the herbicide hexazinone which had first been detected in December 2004, but more serious incidents had occurred a few years earlier with the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-D is registered for use in plantations but is mainly associated with grazing and cropping).

In 2006/7, the Victorian State Government reviewed the existing Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Act, the legislation responsible for pesticide use in Victoria. Two submissions were sent into this review by two water authorities. FoE managed to get a copy of the Gippsland Water submission which contained some serious statements including; “Records are kept for the application of restricted chemical products, but not for the other commonly used products that have environmental or health implications. Gippsland Water has had difficulty in obtaining information on the chemicals used within a catchment area upstream of a water treatment plant and town water supply… Currently there is no common record of chemical products that are likely to be applied in agricultural areas within potable water catchments…”

After more research into the location of domestic water supplies in Victoria, it became evident that plantation forestry was not the major user of pesticides in all Victorian water supply catchments. Agricultural practices in many catchments were the dominant users of pesticides. The best opportunity then to determine whether pesticides were being detected in these water supplies lay with the water authorites. What this meant is that Forest Network, which had evolved into FoE’s Land and Water Collective, would have to broaden its focus to include agricultural practices and its impacts on water quality.

It soon became clear that to get a clearer picture of what was going on where, FoE would have to start writing FoI requests to all of the States water authorities. At this time, 2006, there were also widespread concerns in regards to an EPA investigation into fish kills associated with the herbicide acrolein by Goulburn Murray Water (GMW). Not only was the authority using acrolein to kill aquatic weeds in irrigation channels and drains throughout northern Victoria, but GMW were also using the herbicides 2,4-D, amitrole and glyphosate. see GMW here . The region was also heavily impacted by thousands of hectares of horticultural and irrigated pasture.

Certain towns in northern Victoria are reliant on channels to provide them with drinking water and a report published by GMW in June 2006 (20) revealed that some of these channels had already been recording low levels of Atrazine, Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos in town supplies. With the use of herbicides in channels for weed control, what was the risk to consumers of the drinking water? Information also came to hand (January 2008) that GMW also 'regularly' use Weedmaster (Glyphosate) in the Waranga Western Channel (WWC) as a means of controlling weeds. WWC is used as a domestic water supply and will soon be supplying Bendigo and Ballarat via a pipeline being built from Colbinabbin. Some the channels already recording low levels of pesticides can feed into, at certain times of the year, into the WWC. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water have also stated that they use Glyphosate to control weeds in their channel infrastructure. In the past farmers have been documented using triazines (atrazine, simazine) and amitrole to control weeds along channels and drains (21). Grampian Wimmera Mallee Water do not test for these pesticides.

Tatura Water Supply Channel No.3/5. Low levels of Atrazine and Endosulphan have been detected in this channel.

In mid 2007 Friends of the Earth also began taking a closer look at the Yarra River catchment, upstream of the offtake to Sugarloaf Reservoir. Over 9000 hectares of intensive horticulture occurs in this catchment, within 20km of Sugarloaf Reservoir. This makes one source of Melbourne's drinking water (Sugarloaf Reservoir), supplying 1.2 million residents possibly the highest risk catchment in the state in terms of pesticide pollution of drinking water. See here for more details. Information also sourced from the EPA showed almost no information from that authority regarding pesticides used in the Upper Yarra catchment.

An additional FoI was sent to Barwon Water in July 2008, with results being sent back to FoE in September 2008. An additional 27 incidents were detected by Barwon Water during this time period.

In hindsight, all of the FoI requests should have been sent at the same time, this would have provided a more manageable means of standardising the information. However as the process was also a means of discovery, with snippets of information coming to light over the passage of time, a strategic co-ordinated approach to the requests did not occur. The requests were in fact staggered mainly between July 06 and January 08 and in some cases requests had to be followed with other requests after initial information was not properly requested or gained. Ideally the FoI requests should have gone back to 1977 (the start of the FoI act) but this was deemed as unrealistic by many of the water authorities who had in some cases amalgamated and who claimed that they did not have the resources, time or inclination to get access to that information.

The information is weakened further by many water authorities not testing for a suite of the hundreds of pesticides that are registered for use in Victoria. Furthermore, testing regimes may only occur on an annual, half yearly or quarterly basis, potentially meaning that a pesticide may be leaching into a water supply, but is not being picked up by the authorities. From research conducted by FoE as part of this project, it would appear that between 200-300 agricultural pesticides are used within Victorian domestic water supplies. Approximately 70% of these pesticides are not tested for by any Victorian water authority.

4. Other Surveys

"The Australian Water Resources Council initiated the Victorian Water Quality Assesment Program (WQAP) in 1975 as part of its National Water Quality Assessment Program. Subsequent to this, the Victorian Water Quality Monitoring Network (VWQMN) was established to collect water quality data for all major streams and their tributaries in Victoria. From 1975 to 1991, the VWQMN was re-defined through a number of reviews)" (12) These programs were however not set up to monitor pesticides.

In the Yarra catchment Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) started testing for pesticides in 1977, as the Sugarloaf Reservoir was on the drawing board. Sugarloaf, later built in the early 1980's would pump water from the Yarra River which also was intensively farmed.. "In 1977 the Water Water Supply Planning Branch purchased five automatic samplers of which four were Manning S-4040 automatic samplers and one Manning S-4040T automatic sampler. The S4040T sampler was used at Yering to monitor the effects of farming and intensive cropping and the use of pesticides, soil additives etc" (32). No details of pesticide results were published and none were published in Summary Statistics from the Intensive Water Quality Monitoring Program (1978 to 1983)..

In 1978 a Cluster of birth abnormalities occurred at Yarram in Victoria (1975-76). A Report entitled "Consultative Council on Congenital Abnormalities in the Yarram District. Victorian Government. October 1978" was produced which investigated the link to the birth abnormalities and the use of 2,4,5-T in weed control (blackberry) and pine plantation establishment. It was criticised shortly after its completion for being 'statistically questionable' .

November 1980 was the date of the commissioning of Sugarloaf Reservoir, sourcing drinking water directly from the Yarra River.

In 1982, the EPA published a report looking at pesticide levels in sediment and water in the Yarra River catchment, Werribee and Little River catchments (1). Positive detections for organochlorines were detected at all sites, including seven sites in the Yarra Catchment, including one site on the Yarra River, just downstream of the location of the future Sugarloaf Reservoir. The report proved that low levels of organochlorines were being washed down the Yarra catchment, which in future years would be added to the Melbourne water supply system. The report mainly focused on organochlorines.

In 1982 a further study into Macroinvertebrates of the Yarra River; stated in regards to Wandin Yallock Creek that "pesticides appear to be the most likely toxic influence at this site. TDE, DDE, DDT and Dieldrin have been detected in the sediments at a site 2km downstream of a major market gardening and horticultural area, and DDT and Dieldrin have been found in the sediments of a site in the middle of the market gardening area...TDE, DDE, DDT and Dieldrin have been detected in sediment samples 8km downstream of areas of intensive market gardening and potato growing..." (30)

Another study (31) published in 1983 looked at pesticide transport in three sub catchments of the Upper Yarra Catchment. The pesticides Diedrin, DDT, DDE, Linuron and 2,4,5-T were detected. Pesticides at one location were most frequently detected in flows during vegetable washing operations. Pesticide concentrations were also generally higher in storm flow samples. Pesticide loads transported from catchments were generally between 1.3 and 9.3 mg/ha and between 134 and 228mg/ha in relation to vegetable washing plants. The authors wrote; "The concentrations of Dieldrin and DDT do not appear to present problems for drinking water supply in the Yarra River itself although, on occassions the concentrations detected in flows from cultivated land during storms and operation of vegetable washing plants exceeded health criteria".(31).

It could be argued that if vineyards are included, the current amount of intensively sprayed agriculture in the Upper Yarra Catchment is in 2008, 9000ha+, a 1000% increase on the 870ha intensive cropping figure quoted in the above study, potentially meaning higher pesticide volumes at a catchment level, also potentially meaning higher levels of pesticide loads transported from catchments, depending on the pesticide and site conditions.

In 1985 the Rural Water Commission of Victoria wrote; "A commitment to pesticide and herbicide analyses by the State Water Laboratory (SWL) cannot be justified at present" (2). They added; "Experience obtained in the past suggests that pesticide and herbicide contamination of the water column is unlikely following pollution incidents. Rather, these organic compounds are readily absorbed onto sediments or particulate matter and tend to be concentrated through the food chain. Analyses of sediments and biota are generally preferable in that they represent a time-weighted average of concentrations in the water, whereas grab samples of water only represent instantaneous values."(2)

This appeared to be the state of play until the 1990's.

"The true extent of pesticide exposure through polluted water supplies is not known in Australia, and governments are extremely slow to respond. In 1993, a joint NHMRC/Australian Water Resources Commission working party was still revising pesticide water residue levels, a process begun prior to the 1989 Senate enquiry. Their tardiness to recommend more stringent guidelines may well be due to the implications such changes will have for local water supply authorities. Most are already aware that many rural water supplies are contaminated with pesticides, and the introduction of new guidelines may render many supplies unfit for human consumption. Perhaps this is why the Victorian Government went cool on the issue after an initial report boldly acknowledged that a proportion of Victoria's country towns' water supplies did not neet minimum standards for safe drinking water as set by the World Health Organisation. 'With few exceptions the water quality of urban supplies outside Melbourne with respect to pesticides, herbicides and heavy metals is essentially unknown, as no routine monitoring for these compounds is currently undertaken" (17)

"By 1991, the emphasis had changed and the same government concluded that 'no significant concentrations [of pesticides] have been found'. However, as the report itself indicated, only OC pesticides were tested for ... Moreover because it used National Health Medical Research Council Guideline Values, the report was also able to claim 'no significant concentrations', even though their own results suggested the need for greater scrutiny of raw data, particularly the peaks in contamination that would 'iron out' when averages were calculated. Dieldrin values for tap water averages, for example, were only one third under the WHO Guideline Values, and the possibility of far greater concentrations occurring in particular community water supplies cannot be excluded" (17)

During the 1980's, 1990's research was also conducted into pesticide pollution of the Ovens and King Rivers. Concerns focused on the impacts of the tobacco industry. Organochlorines were detected upstream of the water supply for Wangaratta. (3) (4)

"I kept on making enquiries and found that those drinking water from Boggy Creek and the King River in most cases suffered disease and ill-health. Wangaratta's water supply is drawn from the King and Ovens Rivers, both of which have a catchment along kilometres of farms growing tobacco, hops, grapes and fruit. In many cases the crops are grown to the actual river itself and often steeply sloping to the water. There are also dairy and cattle farms to the north-east which have been quarantined because of high chemical residues. For many years, tests carried out by bodies such as the EPA, State Forests and Lands and the Rural Water Commission have shown fluctuating levels of cyclodienes in the Ovens and King Rivers but the all clear signal has been given time and time again (Shirley Barber, The Mohyu Valley, Victoria. May 1991. (17)

By 1991 the position of the SWL had changed to; "The SWL has only recently acquired the necessary analytical equipment to test for pesticides in town water supplies. This equipment has been used to 'screen' routine samples and build up a data base of information over time. Where is it suspected that pesticides may be present (such as after aerial spraying on forests or crops) the Environment Protection Agency have carried out more extensive tests to investigate the situation. Recent examples of such investigations are at Aireys Inlet and the Ovens River near Myrtleford." (5) "Analyses for the following organochlorine pesticides are being carried out by the SWL to a detection limit of one tenth of the guideline value set by the World Health Organisation in 1984: Chlordane (total isomers), DDT (total isomers), Heptachlor and Hepatachlor Epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene, Methoxychlor, Gamma - HCH (Lindane). Samples have been collected from most raw water supplies to towns throughout the state. At this stage, no significant concentrations have been found." (5).

“The only incident in which concentrations were found exceeding WHO guidelines (detection limits are generally less than 1/10th of the guideline values) was in the Colac Supply in January 1994. Samples from Olangolah Dam and the No 4 Service Basin were found to contain DDT at concentrations twice the WHO guideline of 2ug/L. Samples taken four days later showed negligible concentrations and none after treatment.” (10).

The following statement was published in the Victorian Water Quality Monitoring Network Annual Report 1993; p111 "The 1990 review of the Victorian Water Quality Monitoring Network (Rural Water Corporation 1991) proposed additional and seperate monitoring for rivers and streams, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands, as well as an increase in the type and number of parameters to get utilised ... There are a number of recommendations from the 1990 Review that are still to be implemented in the VWQMN. Listed below are the remaining Review recommendations as well as three recently proposed future directions for the VWQMN, implentation of which depends on whether resources are available... Organochlorine compounds are widely used in pesticides, herbicides & algacides. These substances are potentially toxic to non-target species, not readily broken down in the environment, bioaccumulate and tend to accumulate in sediments. Monitoring of compounds such as Aldrin, Dieldrin, DDE, DDD, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene, Lindane, Methoxychlor and Endosulphan provide base information and indicate potential sources of environmental and health problems". (13)

The only pesticide monitoring published by the VWQMN is a small note in Table 6 entitled 'Parametres monitored as part of the Murray Darling Basin Committee Physico-Chem Baseline Monitoring Programme. Additional Parametres Monitored Herbicides/Pesticides. Denotes monthly monitoring in the Murray River at Morgan (SA) only'. (16) This is also backed up by Table 1: Summary of Network Water Quality Sampling in Victoria (18) which shows that out of the following programs; VWQMN, EPA, MDBC, Melbourne Water, Salinity Program and Biological, only the MDBC is listed as monitoring for herbicides/pesticides. And this was based on information collated in Morgan South Australia!

In 1994, the SWL (a business unit of the Rural Water Corporation) and the Melbourne Water Laboratories (a business unit of Melbourne Water Corporation) were merged to form a private company trading under the name of water Ecoscience.After 1996 Water Ecoscience became responsible for data collected by the Victorian Water Quality Monitoring Network. Again pesticides were not included in the monitoring.

"Following the 1996 Review, a discussion paper was produced (Testing the Waters. The 1996 Review of Victorian Water Quality Monitoring. Technical Discussion Paper" (14). Written in the Review; "The State and Commonwealth governments are mainly responsible for statewide water quality monitoring. Statewide requirements are currently funded by two Government agencies - Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Environment Protection Authority. In addition to this, Melbourne Water and Rural Water Authorities are responsible for the management of public and private diversions...Overall responsibility for water quality influences is assigned through legislation and policies such as State Environment Protection Policies (SEPP's) administered by the EPA and NRE ... Monitoring was reviewed in 1991, with the current program based on that review, although the recommendations have only been partially implemented, mainly due to funding constraints...Recommendations of the previous review have not yet been implemented ... Monitoring of hydrocarbons and biocides in sediments and metals in water and sediments". The final copy of the 1996 Review (dated September 1997) appears to avoid any discussion about pesticide monitoring. (15)

During the early to mid 1990's the Department of Agriculture also started looking more closely at the impacts of pesticides on waterways (7). The Mitchell River was the main focus area, where traces of atrazine, endosulphan and chlorpyrifos were detected in 1993. Testing expanding into the next year into 5 regions of Mornington Peninsula and Gippsland, including possibly the water supply for Thorpdale. No detections were found at Thorpdale but traces of pesticides (Dieldrin and DDT) were found in very close proximity to the main offtake on the Mitchell River, upstream of the intensive horticultural practices associated near Lindenow. Other pesticides detected in a variety of locations included Atrazine, Metribuzin, Linuron, Diuron, Simazine, Endosulphan, Dieldrin, DDT and Methamidophos. (8)

In the mid 1990's researchers were finding pesticide pollution in groundwater, particularly in northern Victoria near Horticultural areas. (21). Research found "low level contaminations by organochlorinated pesticides (total benzene, hexachloride, heptachlor & its epoxide, total chlordane, total endosulphan, dicloran, endrin, dieldrin, lindane, DDT, DDD, DDE & dicofol), organophosphorous pesticides (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, dichlorvos, parathion, ethion, diazinon, mevinphos, tetrachlor, fenvinphos and fenchlorvos), s-triazines (atrazine, simazine, hexazinone and prometryne) and amitrole. Groundwater contamination was identified to be at higher levels in the horticultural areas of Ardmona. Surface water reported only minor contamination" (21)

Melbourne Water did produce a UWRAA report in 1996 looking at a range of contaminants found in sediment in the Yarra Catchment. The report mainly looked at substances such as PAH's (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), however some pesticides were also included. Tests for BHC, Lindane, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Chlordane, Endosulphan, DDT, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor were carried out. Positive results for some of the pesticides were found mainly well downstream of Melbourne's water supply, however Dichloran, BHC, Lindane, Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide were found in sediments quite a distance upstream from the Sugarloaf Reservoir offtake. Sediment levels for Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide were very high at a sampling location downstream from Reefton, yet it appears that these levels have not been recorded by Melbourne Water testing at Sugarloaf Reservoir.(22)

Melbourne Water also initiated Streamwatch in the mid 1990's to better research toxicants in the Yarra River. However pesticide testing was generally unlikely to be included in this program. "Baseline data plays an important role in assessing the performance of these initiatives and such data sets are being developed for Melbourne by the Melbourne Water Corporation (eg Lewin 1997, Melbourne Water Corporation 1997). The data collected for this study forms part of the Melbourne Water's ongoing stream monitoring program, "Streamwatch" which is an extensive program including monitoring of water quality, biological health, toxicants and litter. Aside from the Streamwatch program, no extensive studies of stream toxicants have previously been undertaken in Melbourne. However, ther have been a number of site specific studies (eg Bagg et al., 1981, Pouliot 1993, Reed 1992) and an earlier study, on heavy metals only, conducted by the Victorian Environment Protection Agency". (33)

This LWRRDC Report (33) looked at sediments at 44 locations across the Port Phillip Bay and Western Port Bay catchments. Five of these sites were located above the offtake to Sugarloaf Reservoir, however individual results tabled in the report were not given in site specific detail, meaning that it is impossible to work out where the positive samples were taken and in what quantities, many of which were located in heavily urbanised areas well downstream of domestic water supply offtakes.. Pesticides found in sediments in the LWRRDC report included; HCB, Dicloran, Total BHC, Lindane, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Total Chlordane, Heptachlor Epoxide, Total Endosulphan, op-DDE, pp-DDE, op-DDT, pp-DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, op-DDD, pp-DDD, Methoxychlor. Mean readings included; Dicofol 0.12mg/kg, op-DDT, pp-DDT 0.11mg/kg, Total Endosulfan 0.045mg/kg, Endrin 0.035mg/kg, Diedrin 0.028mg/kg, Methoxychlor 0.025mg/kg, Total Chlordane 0.020mg/kg, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.020mg/kg, Total BHC 0.014mg/kg, Heptachlor 0.013mg/kg, Chlorpyrifos 0.012mg/kg, Dicloran 0.010mg/kg, op-DDE, pp-DDE 0.010mg/kg, HCB 0.007mg/kg, Lindane 0.005mg/kg, Aldrin 0.005mg/kg. Total OC Pesticides 0.24mg/kg. (33)

On a national level interest was also increasing about the issue of monitoring pesticides in water. "Recently the first reports of monitoring pesticides in waterways in this country have been published and the results are of concern". "... It is generally believed to be the case that surface water management is the principle mechanism for river contamination by pesticides" (34)

By the late nineties the Government was also acknowedging that "low level" pollution of groundwater had occurred in Victoria, possibly in domestic supplies(p19); “The herbicide Atrazine has emerged as a significant contaminant of groundwaters in Europe and North America. Despite its limited usage in Victoria some has been found at concentrations less the guideline values, in drainage waters from irrigation areas and also in vulnerable aquifers used for drinking water supply. (9) (p20) Apparently the Government was also stepping up its monitoring of pesticides; "Additional monitoring for other organics is currently being undertaken for the MoU between water authorities and the Minister. These organics include industrial and other contaminants, organochlorine pesticides and 2,4-D..."Since 1997 Water Authorities have been signing memoranda of understanding (MoUs) with the former Minister of Agriculture and Resesources. These include amongst other things, the requirement for non-exempt supplies to meet WHO, 1984 Guidelines by the year 2000". (9)

Furthermore Water Ecoscience, who were contracted by the State Government to test waters for pesticides claimed in 2001: "Most pesticide concentrations were below the detection limit. No incidents in which concentrations exceeded WHO Guidelines occurred during the period July 1999-June 2001.(19)" This statement therefore claims that positive samples had been detected but no elaboration was made in the report about locations of the sources. The levels of detection used by the State Government were also quite high as is explained in the table below;

A massive leeway appears granted for 2,4-D. Of all the pesticides tested for with the baseline data, only 2,4-D limits were set well above the levels set for future health limits. This means that large amounts of 2,4-D may well have been entering waterways but monitoring levels were set too high to be detected. This is important as a large proportion of many domestic water supplies in Victoria are dominated by cropping and grazing where 2,4-D use is commonplace.

In terms of water authority testing, results from this report indicate that only South Gippsland Water provided access to tests going as far back as 1991. Testing regimes instigated by water authorities largely before 1995 are unknown. The Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) may have been testing for pesticides, however records accessed via FoI only go back as far as February 1997.

Other water supply authorities were also sampling but these samples were often limited and haphazard. Such sampling certainly did not test for all pesticides used within domestic water supplies and water authorities were under no obligation to inform other State Government Department's if positive samples were detected.

A Freedom of Information request from Department of Human Services (State Government Victoria) (Incorporating; Health, Community Services, Mental Health, Senior Victorians and Housing)

It said;"The Department's Environmental Health Unit has advised that since 1 July 2004, the quality of drinking water in Victoria has been regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003. The state's water businesses are required under this act to notify the department of any incident where the drinking water they supply to the public presents a risk to public health. There are no recorded notifications of instances of pesticide pollution in drinking water supplies for the period 1 July 2004 to 3 January 2008.

For the period 1 January 1998 to 30 June 2004, there were no formal regulatory arrangements in place regarding reporting of incidents in drinking water supplies."

Please note that Friends of the Earth in this study compiled a list of 140 incidents of pesticides being detected in water supplies in Victoria between 1996-2007. It appears that if pesticides are detected under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limits for particular pesticides, the incident doesn't have to be reported to DHS. Prior to 30 June 2004 it appears that DHS didn't have to be consulted at all by water authorities if a pollution incident occurred. It also appears that with the instigation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1994, some water authorities deemed that their catchments were of a low risk and stopped testing for pesticides at this time (re: North East Water, East Gippsland Water, Westernport Water). According to East Gippsland Water; The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) state that “Routine monitoring for pesticides is not required unless potential exists for contamination of water supplies”.

Although pressure from Friends of the Earth has seen North East Water start testing gain in late 2007 and Westernport Water have been reported as recommencing their pesticide testing in May/June 2008.

It should also be pointed out that the European Union has a policy that pesticides should not be detected in drinking water (Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC). The EU's position is that "The value of 0.1 µg/l is a substitute for zero, not present in water or below the detection limit". Given that position any positive reading would be regarded as a breach to the EU. Given this fact, most of the Health Values for pesticides in Australia are well over the EU limit.

The European Union (EU) has issued the drinking water directive of 1998 that sets a maximum concentration of 0.0001mg/L for individual pesticides or degradation products and 0.0005mg/L for total pesticide residues in drinking water after treatment (Acero et al, 2000, http://europa.eu.int/water/water-drink/98_83en.pdf)*.

Dec 1 2009: Health Warnings Over Riverside Grazing Ignored

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines

Table 10.11 Guideline values for pesticides

a - These are generally based on the analytical limit of determination (the level at which the pesticide can be reliably detected using practicable, readily available and validated analytical methods). If a pesticide is detected at or above this value the source should be identified and action taken to prevent further contamination

b - Based on 10% of acceptable daily intake (ADI).

c - These pesticides have either been detected on occasions in Australian drinking water or their likely use would indicate that they may be occasionally be detected.

Note: Routine monitoring for pesticides is not required unless potential exists for contamination of water supplies.(29)

See here for defintion of ADI

5. Results of Survey

In 2007 the Department of Primary Industries published the "Review of agrochemical contamination of waterways within agricultural areas of Victoria”. In regards to surface water the review said p7; “There has been very little monitoring of agrochemicals in surface waters in Victoria. Organochlorines found in a number of areas, particularly in the Ovens catchment. Atrazine, metribuzin, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos detected in Gippsland surface waters (concentrations low and below guideline values). Monitoring in the Melbourne metropolitan area has indicated agrochemical contamination from urban sources.” (23)

What can be added to this statement is; Water authorities in Victoria have in recent years detected the following pesticides in surface water in domestic water supplies; 2,4-D, Hexachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenol, Dieldrin, Glyphosate, Aldrin, Heptachlor, Hexazinone, Methoxychlor, Simazine, Lindane, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulphan and Atrazine. Acrolein has also been detected when used and Bifenthrin, Esfenvalerate & Taufluvalinate have been detected in relatively high levels upstream of a town water supply. (Barwon Water also detected Temephos, MCPA, 245TCP and 4, chlorophenoxyacetic acid between July 2007-July 2008).

The most serious concern appears to be the open aquaduct supply system to both Wurdee Boluc Reservoir and Stony Creek Reservoir managed by Barwon Water (Geelong and district drinking water). Three instances of pesticides (2,4-D & Glyphosate) entering the Wurdee Boluc system have been detected in the past 4 years (An additional 15 instances were detected in the Wurdee Boluc System between July 2007-July 2008). One incident possibly lasting for some time (3 months), with 2,4-D readings in May 2003 breaching the ADWG health value, however this was not widely known because it occurred before July 1 2004, when such an incident would have to have been reported under the Safe Drinking Water Act. See here for more information about Geelong's water supplies.

Wurdee Boluc Aquaduct can be impacted by farm run-off at several location where the water level is below the upslope.

High readings of 2,4-D were also recorded by Barwon Water in August 2003 at Wurdee Boluc and Stony Creek Reservoir #3. The May Wurdee Boluc 2,4-D Incident, remains the only example of pesticide levels breaching the ADWG health value anywhere in the state over the 1998-2007 period. The Stony Creek Reservoir incident also recorded relatively high levels of 2,4-D in August 2003, 66% of ADWG health value and 200 times higher than the ADWG guideline value.(2,4-D was also detected in the Moorabool system June 2008). It is clear that agricultural practices, cropping, in close proximity to the aquaducts are the culprits for this pollution. Was an audit of cropping located nearby the aquaducts conducted by Barwon Water and why did three seperate incidents occur within a 3 month time frame with the same pesticide?

Bolwarrah Aquaduct, part of Geelong and district water supply.

2,4-D runoff and use in the Broken Creek catchment in the north of the state is also of concern, with a reading 170 times higher than the guideline value occurring in June 2005 at Numurkah.

The longest recorded residues of pesticides have been recorded again by Barwon Water with hexazinone leaching into Geelong’s water supply (at low levels) for almost 3 years (4 years after getting access to Barwon Water data in September 2008). The hexazinone was found to be leaching from a plantations managed by Hancock Victorian Plantations, with some hexazinone residues detected 50km offsite. Only one water authority, Barwon Water, tests for hexazinone (North East Water began testing again in 2008). If this incident were to happen (or has happened) elsewhere in Victoria noone would be the wiser, which is quite surprising considering the high leaching and long residual effect of hexazinone.

1400 ha of pine plantations surround Korweinguboora Reservoir in Geelong's water supply. Hexazinone has been leaching from this site since December 2004.

Also of concern is the detection of Atrazine, Glyphosate and Endosulfan in channels managed by Goulburn Murray Water. Low levels of Atrazine and Endosulphan were detected each year over a 3 year period in a project under the control of Goulburn Murray Water.(20) What was alarming was that although these detections were considered to be low, none were detected by Goulburn Valley Water, Coliban Water or Lower Murray Water, the authorities responsible for providing drinking water. High levels of Glyphosate were also found to be found in Broken Creek and Lake Nagambie after weed control activities carried out by Goulburn Murray Water (24). Once again though, the events were not picked up by Goulburn Valley Water monitoring indicating that pesticide 'spikes' can get through the monitoring system undetected. (It should also be noted that Goulburn Murray Water recorded 16 positive readings for Endosulfan (4) and Atrazine (12) at the Lake Nagambie/Kirwans Bridge sample point during the same study. The township of Nagambie draws water from the Nagambie Lakes. If these pesticides were detected at Kirwans Bridge there is also a possibility that they may also have been present in the Nagambie supply. Total concentrated endosulfan between October to December 2005 was the highest anywhere in Goulburn Murray Water's 6 irrigation areas. Interestingly this same water body is now the water supply for the cities of Bendigo and Ballarat since the opening of the Goldfields Pipeline in 2008. Water for Ballarat and Bendigo is extracted from the Waranga Western Channel at Colbinabbin. This water in turn is sourced from the Warange Basin after being diverted by the Stuart Murray and Cattanach Canals at Goulburn Weir).

Broken Creek about 6km upstream from Nathalia. Glyphosate is used to kill aquatic weeds in this water supply and was recorded at high levels in 2005 above Nathalia. 2,4-D, well above guideline limits for drinking water was detected in Broken Creek at Numurkah in June 2005. Pentachlorphenol detected at Numurkah also in 2005.

The much publicised triazines Simazine and Atrazine were recorded in 4 instances by water authorities and 33 times in water supplies by a study by Goulburn Murray Water. Simazine was recorded at Rocky River (Orbost water supply) leaching from a bluegum plantation in August 2002 and atrazine was found in May 2006 at three locations on the Murray River by Lower Murray Water. The Atrazine readings at three locations in the Murray River (0.03µg/L), with lower levels detected by GMW in channels supplying towns Katatamatite, Kerang, Tatura, Rochester/Corop, West Boort?. The Simazine levels (0.2µg/L) in Rocky River catchment are also of concern and were detected by the company Harris Daishowa. These levels were a long way under the ADWG levels for Atrazine (40µg/L) & Simazine (20µg/L), however it would be erroneous to assume that because low levels of pesticides are detected that they are not having an impact. Levels of atrazine and simazine as low as 0.1 µg/L have been found to chemically castrate amphibians. See this website for further details.

"A number of organochlorine chemicals called persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in Victoria’s water supplies. Although no longer used in Australia, most were applied extensively in agriculture from the 1950s to the 1990s when they were deregistered. These include the grain fungicide, hexachlorobenzene as well as insecticides like heptachlor, dieldrin and aldrin. Pentachlorophenol, a disinfectant, also used to treat wood was also detected. These POPs are very persistent in the environment partitioning to soil and sediment, as well as traveling vast distances via air and water currents. POPs are toxic and can cause cancer and other adverse health effects. They bioaccumulate in living things and are found in the blood and breastmilk of humans and wildlife. " Mariann Lloyd-Smith (National Toxics Network)

Again Barwon Water recorded a reading 3 times over the guideline limit for Dieldrin in October 1999. Melbourne Water’s Kallista supply also suffered from organochlorine problems in 2000, when traces of aldrin, heptachlor and lindane were found at St John Hill Reservoir Kallista. This reservoir sources its water from Silvan Dam, and little light has been shed on how these pesticides ended up being recorded at St John Hill. Heptachlor was also found at Katamatite by Goulburn Valley Water and high livels of Hepatchlor were detected in Yarra River sediments in the mid 1990's.

St John Hill Reservoir Kallista

Far from providing a detailed analysis of pollution of domestic water supplies, the information does allow analysis of risk areas. Because standardised pesticide monitoring is not required throughout Victoria, these results only give a broad picture of the situation. It is likely that other pesticides would be detected if testing was standardised. For instance Gippsland Water does no testing, yet some communities in the region lie downstream of irrigated farming and forestry land use.

The analysis also only touches on treatment techniques used to 'filter out' pesticides. It is Friends of the Earth’s assumption that these pesticides should not be leaching into waterways at all. To rely on the use of ‘filters’ is a high risk strategy particularly in small communities where sophisticated forms of treatment may not exist. For the sake of brevity, the discussion of filter/treatments only looks at communities which have been subject to pesticide pollution.

6. Results Tables

List of all results here

Number of Pesticides Tested for by Victorian Water Authorities 2007/8*

Breakdown of Pesticides Tested for by Victorian Water Authorities

Positive Results by water authorities (including Goulburn Murray Water) upstream of domestic water supplies (183).

Positive Results by water authorities above ADWG guideline limit (16)

Positive Results by water authorities above ADWG Health limit (1)

Positive Herbicide Detections incl Goulburn Murray Water (156)

Positive Herbicide above ADWG guideline limits (16) (8?)

Positive Herbicide above ADWG Health limits (1) (8?)

Locations of Positive Result above ADWG Health Guideline

Locations of Positive Results above ADWG Guideline Limits

Summary of Locations above ADWG guidelines.

Summary of locations based on all Results (183)

Years Detected (plus years detected above ADWG guideline in brackets)

Dates of Information provided by Freedom of Information

Range of Dates Covered Under FoI's

7. Complete List of all Positive Pesticide Readings*

Update: Cattle Insect Repellent DEET (N, N-diethyltoluamide) detected November 2002 0.0207µg/L Newry Creek - upstream drinking water offtake Maffra/Stratford). Results published July 2008 here. No ADWG limits for DEET.

Added Barwon Water FoI (August 2008) 23 positive samples (one above ADWG)

Added Lower Murray Water (May 09 from 07/08 Annual Report) 3 positive samples.

Added Western Water (2007/8 Raw Water Water Quality Reports) 3 positive samples.

Added Barwon Water FoI (August 2009) 1 positive sample.

Added Barwon Water FoI (August 2010) 17 positive samples

Added (December 2009) Goulburn Murray Water (2004-6) 16 positive samples from Goulburn Weir/Lake Nagambie

*This list is based roughly on the most serious incidents being at the top of the list, based on comparisions with ADWG Guideline Values. No ADWG Guideline Values for Hexachlorobenzene, so WHO Guideline used. No ADWG or WHO guideline values for Bifenthrin, Esfenvalerate or Taufluvalinate which are listed at the bottom of list and require further clarification. Positive readings for Acrolein used for weed control in irrigation channels by Goulburn Murray Water and Southern Rural Water not included in table.

Above ADWG Health Limit

1. 12/5//03 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Raw Water 2,4-D 34ug/l (1.13xADWGHealth)

Mostly Above ADWG Limit

2. 19/8/03 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Inlet Chan 2,4-D 27ug/l (90%adwgh)

3. 5/8/03 Barwon Water Stony Creek Res #3 2,4-D 20ug/l (66.67%adwgh)

4. 22/6/06 Goulburn Valley Water Broken Creek Numurkah 2,4-D 17ug/l (56.67%adwgh)

5. 5/10/05 Goulburn Valley WaterSunday Creek Res Pentachlorophenol 2ug/L (20%adwgh)

6. 28/10/99 Barwon Water Highton PreDisinfection Dieldrin 0.03ug/l (10%adwgh)

7. 21/12/05 Goulburn Valley Water Broken Creek Numurkah Pentachlorophenol 1ug/L (10%adwgh)

8. Jan 94 Colac Water Board Olangolah DDT 2ug/l (10%adwgh)

9. 7/2/00 Melbourne Water Johns Hill Plant Aldrin 0.02ug/L (6.667%adwgh)

10. 18/10/00 Goulburn Valley Water Katamatite Heptachlor 0.02ug/L (6.667%adwgh)

11. 4/6/08 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP 2,4-D 1.9ug/L (6.33%adwgh)

12. 7/2/00 Melbourne Water Kallista Heptachlor 0.013ug/l (4.33%adwgh)

13. 2007/8 WQR Western Water Djerriwarrh Reservoir (Raw) Aldrin 0.01ug/l (3.333%adwgh)

14. 4/3/05 Barwon Water Koweinguboora Reservoir Hexazinone 9.4ug/L (3.13%adwgh)

15. 8/5/06 Gouburn Murray Water Broken Creek Glyphosate 160ug/l (1.6%adwgh)

16. 2007/8 WQR Western Water Kerrie Reservoir (Raw) Chlordane 0.01ug/L (1%adwgh)

17. Jan 06 Goulburn Valley Water Katamatite Chlorpyrifos 0.089ug/L (0.89%adwgh)

18. 8/5/06 Goulburn Murray Water Broken Creek Glyphosate 85ug/l (0.85%adwgh)

19. 17/7/07 Barwon Water Inlet Channel Salt Creek Lane Glyphosate 80ug/l (0.80%adwgh)

20. 7/3/06 South Gippsland Water Dumbalk Tarwin River Methoxychlor 2ug/L (0.667%adwgh)

21. 14/3/07 Barwon Water Gellibrand Lardners Creek 2,4-D 0.2ug/L (0.667%adwgh)

22. 28/3/07 Barwon Water Aireys Inlet Painkalac Creek 2,4-D 0.2ug/L (0.667%adwgh)

Below ADWG Limit

23. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 1.3ug/L (0.433%adwgh)

24. 15/12/09 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Inlet Channel 2,4-D 0.09ug/L (0.3%adwgh)

25. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.86ug/L (0.2867%adwgh)

26. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.67ug/L (0.223%adwgh)

27. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Bostok Outlet Hexazinone 0.58ug/L (0.193%adwgh)

28. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Bostok Outlet Hexazinone 0.56ug/L (0.1867%adwgh)

29. 15/12/09 Barwon Water Matthews Creek 2,4-D 0.05ug/L (0.1667%adwgh)

30. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Bostok Outlet Hexazinone 0.44ug/L (0.1467%adwgh)

31. Dec 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.056ug/L (0.14%adwgh)

32. 11/7/10 Barwon Water Lorne WTP 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (0.1333% adwhg)

33. Mar 06 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.050ug/L (0.125%adwgh)

34. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Inlet Hexazinone 0.37ug/L (0.123%adwgh)

35. March 2006 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Atrazine 0.048ug/L (0.12%)

36. Dec 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.045ug/L (0.1125%adwgh)

37. February 2006 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Atrazine 0.044ug/L (0.11%)

38. 1/12/04 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone (0.1067%adwgh)

39. April 06 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.042ug/L (0.105%adwgh)

40. December 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine 0.042ug/L (0.105%)

41. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.041ug/L (0.1025%adwgh)

42. 4/6/02 East Gippsland Water Rocky River (Orbost) Simazine 0.20ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

43. 7/2/00 Melbourne Water Johns Hill Plant Kallista Lindane 0.02ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

44. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.040ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

45. Mar 06 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.040ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

46. 2007/8 WQR Pykes Creek Reservoir (Raw) 2,4-D 0.03ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

47.2/6/10 Barwon Water Meredith WTP 2,4-D 0.03ug/L (0.1%adwgh)

48. 15/12/09 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Inlet Channel 2,4-D 0.03ug/L (0.1% adwgh)

49. Mar 06 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Atrazine 0.039ug/L (0.0975%adwgh)

50. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.038ug/L (0.095%adwgh)

51. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Town Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.038ug/L (0.095%adwgh)

52. April 06 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Atrazine 0.036ug/L (0.09%adwgh)

53. April 2006 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Atrazine 0.036ug/L 0.09%

54. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Town Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.035ug/L (0.0875%adwgh)

55. April 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.033ug/L (0.0825%adwgh)

56. January 2006 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Atrazine 0.033ug/L 0.0825%

57. April 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.032ug/L (0.08%adwgh)

58. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.24ug/L (0.08%adwg)

59. Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.031ug/L (0.0775%adwgh)

60. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.031ug/L (0.0775%adwgh)

61. May 06 Lower Murray Water Red Cliffs supply Atrazine 0.030ug/L (0.075%adwgh)

62. May 06 Lower Murray Water Mildura supply Atrazine 0.030ug/L (0.075%adwgh)

63. May 06 Lower Murray Water Piangil supply Atrazine 0.030ug/L (0.075%adwgh)

64. Nov 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.030ug/L (0.075%adwgh)

65. Mar 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.030ug/L (0.075%adwgh)

66. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.22ug/L (0.073%adwgh)

67. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.22ug/L (0.073%adwgh)

68. April 04 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.028ug/L (0.07%adwgh)

69. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.21ug/L (0.07%adwgh)

70. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.20ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

71. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.20ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

72. 9/11/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.20ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

73. 4/1/06 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.20ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

74. 7/2/06 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir#3 Hexazinone 0.20ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

75. 5/2/07 Western Water Kerrie Reservoir 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

76. 3/6/10 Barwon Water Apollo Bay WTP 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

77. 2/6/10 Barwon Water Moorobool WTP 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

78. 15/12/09 Barwon Water Pennyroyal Creek 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (0.067%adwgh)

79. 4/3/05 Barwon Water Bannockburn Basin Hexazinone 0.19ug/L (0.0633%adwgh)

80. Dec 05 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.025ug/L (0.0625%adwgh)

81. Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie November 2005 Endosulfan 0.0186ug/L, 0.062%

82. Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Atrazine 0.024ug/L (0.06%adwgh)

83. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Upper Stony Creek Res #2 Hexazinone 0.18ug/L (0.06%adwgh)

84. 5/4/06 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.18ug/L (0.06%adwgh)

85. 3/5/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.17ug/L (0.0567%adwgh)

86. Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.022ug/L (0.055%adwgh)

87. Nov 05 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.022ug/L (0.055%adwgh)

88. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.16ug/L (0.053%adwgh)

89. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Upper Stony Creek Res #2 Hexazinone 0.15ug/L (0.05%adwgh)

90. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Upper Stony Creek Res #2 Hexazinone 0.15ug/L (0.05%adwgh)

91. 15/12/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.15ug/L (0.05%adwgh)

92. April 05 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.02ug/L (0.05%adwgh)

93. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Atrazine 0.02ug/L (0.05%adwgh)

94. January 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine 0.02ug/L 0.05%

95. April 2005 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine 0.02ug/L 0.05%

96. March 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine 0.019ug/L 0.0475%

97. Mar 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.018ug/L (0.045%adwgh)

98. 7/2/07 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.13ug/L (0.043%adwgh)

99. Sep 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katatmatite Channel 7/3 Atrazine 0.017ug/L (0.0425%adwgh)

100. Sep 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.016ug/L (0.04%adwgh)

101. 5/4/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.12ug/L (0.04%adwgh)

102. 7/6/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.11ug/L (0.0367%adwgh)

103. 8/8/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.11ug/L (0.0367%adwgh)

104. 7/3/07 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.11ug/L (0.0367%adwgh)

105. 3/5/07 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.11ug/L (0.0367%adwgh)

106. 4/3/05 Barwon Water Montpellier Basin #4 Hexazinone 0.10ug/L (0.0333%adwgh)

107. 9/12/09 Barwon Water Colac WTP 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (0.0333%adwgh)

108. 3/3/10 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (0.0333%adwgh)

109. (2007-08 Annual Report) Lower Murray Water Swan Hill Atrazine 0.012ug/L (0.03%adwgh)

110. October 2005 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Endosulfan 0.0087ug/L, 0.029%

111. 7/3/06 Barwon Water East Moorabool River Hexazinone 0.086ug/L (0.02867%adwgh)

112. 7/6/06 Barwon Water Stony Creek Reservoir #3 Hexazinone 0.084ug/L (0.028%adwgh)

113. Mar 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Atrazine 0.011ug/L (0.0275%adwgh)

114. 31/1/05 Barwon Water Bungal Creek Hexazinone 0.082ug/L (0.0273%adwgh)

115. 5/10/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.082ug/L (0.0273%adwgh)

116. Jan 05 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

117. Oct 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

118. Nov 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

119. Dec 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

120. Feb 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

121. Apr 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

122. Dec 04 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Atrazine 0.01ug/L (0.025%adwgh)

123. February 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine 0.01ug/L 0.025%

124. 3/10/07 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.074ug/L (0.02466%adwgh)

125. 4/1/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.071ug/L (0.02367%adwgh)

126. 6/8/07 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.067ug/L  (0.02233%adwgh)

127. 4/7/07 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.06ug/L (0.02%adwgh)

128. 7/3/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.058ug/L (0.0193%adwgh)

129. (2007-08 Annual Report) Lower Murray Water Koondrook Atrazine 0.007ug/L (0.0175%adwgh)

130. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.051ug/L (0.017%adwgh)

131. 7/3/05 Barwon Water Bungal Creek Hexazinone 0.047ug/L 2.35%adwg (0.01566%adwgh)

132. (2007-08 Annual Report) Lower Murray Water Mildura Atrazine 0.007ug/L (0.0175%adwgh)

133. 17/10/07 Barwon Water Bostok Outlet Hexazinone 0.036 ug/L  (0.012%adwgh)

134. 15/12/06 Barwon Water Moorabool Treatment Hexazinone 0.032ug/L (0.01066%adwgh)

135. 15/8/07 Barwon Water Bostok Outlet Hexazinone 0.029ug/L  (0.00966%adwgh)

136. Dec 04 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0027ug/L (0.009%adwgh)

137. 7/11/07 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.026ug/L (0.00866%adwgh)

138. *19/12/07 Barwon Water Barham River 200m u/s river Temephos 0.026ug/L (0.00866%adwgh)

139. Sep 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0024ug/L (0.008%adwgh)

140. Nov 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0023ug/L (0.00767%adwgh)

141. December 2005 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Endosulfan 0.0021ug/L, 0.007%

142. Nov 05 Goulburn Murray Water Tatura Channel 3/5 Endosulfan 0.0020ug/L (0.00667%adwgh)

143. Jan 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0020ug/L (0.00667%adwgh)

144. 5/9/07 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.02ug/L (0.00666%adwgh)

145. 4/6/08 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.02ug/L (0.00666%adwgh)

146. *18/12/07 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Inlet Salt Creek Lane Temephos 0.02ug/L (0.00666%adwgh)

147. 5/12/07 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.019ug/L (0.00633%adwgh)

148. 6/2/08 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Hexazinone 0.018ug/L (0.006%adwgh)

149. 17/10/07 Barwon Water Korweinguboora Outlet Hexazinone 0.016ug/L (0.006%adwgh)

150. Oct 04 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0017ug/L (0.00566%adwgh)

151. Dec 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0017ug/L (0.00566%adwgh)

152. Jan 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0017ug/L (0.00566%adwgh)

153. Nov 04 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

154. Feb 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

155. Mar 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

156. Apr 05 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

157. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

158. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water Corop Rochester Channel 1 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

159. Oct 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

160. Nov 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

161. Dec 04 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

162. Feb 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

163. Mar 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

164. Apr 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

165. Sep 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

166. Dec 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

167. Jan 06 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

168. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

169. Feb 06 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

170. Sep 05 Goulburn Murray Water West Boort Channel 5 Endosulfan 0.0015ug/L (0.005%adwgh)

171. *18/12/07 Barwon Water Pennyroyal Creek Temephos 0.014ug/L (0.00466%adwgh)

172. *19/12/07 Barwon Water Barham River @ Pumping Station Temephos 0.014ug/L (0.00466%adwgh)

173 . 9/10/08 Barwon Water Moorabool WTP Combined Raw Water Hexazinone 0.014ug/L (0.00466%adwgh)

174. *18/12/07 Barwon Water Callahans Creek Temephos 0.013ug/L (0.00433%adwgh)

175. *19/12/07 Barwon Water Barham River Marengo Basin Temephos 0.012ug/L  (0.004%adwgh)

176. 4/9/07 Barwon Water Lorne Hexazinone 0.012ug/L (0.004%adwgh)

177. *18/12/07 Barwon Water Matthews Creek Temephos 0.011ug/L 0.0037%adwg (0.0037%adwgh)

178. Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Katamatite Channel 7/3 Endosulfan 0.0007ug/L (0.00233%adwgh)

179. November 2004: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie Trace level Endosulfan

180. August 2005 Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine trace

181. October 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine trace

182. November 2005: Goulburn Murray Water Goulburn Weir/Nagambie atrazine trace

No ADWG

Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Bifenthrin 100ug/L

Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Taufluvalinate 75ug/L

Oct 05 Goulburn Murray Water Kerang Channel 14/2 Esfenvalerate 65ug/L

Oct 98 Goulburn Valley Water Mooroopna Offtake ? Unidentifed Peaks

13/9/00 Goulburn Valley Water Violet Town Hexachlorobenzene 0.004ug/L

12/7/00 Goulburn Valley Water Picola Hexachlorobenzene 0.003ug/L

2/8/00 Goulburn Valley Water Katunga Hexachlorobenzene 0.003ug/L

9/2/05 Goulburn Valley Water Shepparton Hexachlorobenzene 0.002ug/L

18/9/07 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Channel @ 8 Mile 245TCP

18/9/07 Barwon Water Matthews Creek MCPA 0.07ug/L

18/9/07 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc Inlet Channel MCPA 0.04ug/L

18/9/07 Barwon Water Pennyroyal Creek MCPA 0.01ug/L

18/9/07 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc @ Salt Creek Lane 4, chlorophenoxy acetic acid 0.04ug/L

18/9/07 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc @ Brickmakers Rd 4, chlorophenoxy acetic acid 0.01ug/L

Nov 02 Macalister River DEET 0.0207ug/L

4/9/09 Barwon Water Birregurra WTP MCPA 0.02ug/L

9/12/09 Barwon Water Colac WTP 4, chlorophenoxy acetic acid 0.05ug/L

2/12/09 Barwon Water Forrest WTP MCPA 0.06ug/L

9/12/09 Barwon Water Gellibrand WTP 4, chlorphenoxy acetic acid 0.05ug/L

15/12/09 Barwon Water Matthews Creek (Geelong) MCPA 0.07ug/L

15/12/09 Barwon Water Pennyroyal Creek (Geelong) MCPA 0.01ug/L

15/12/09 Barwon Water Wurdee Boluc @ Salt Creek Lane 4, chlorophenoxy acetic acid 0.01ug/L

8. The Red List

The following list gives details about which communities are at the most risk in terms of pesticides and drinking water in Victoria. The list is not exhaustive and only provides locations that are supplied water by water authorities. Localities not supplied with water from water authorities have not been added to this list.

(Not including specific details from Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water as open channels are being replaced by the Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Project. Polluted runoff and poor quality water in these channel systems will hopefully become a thing of the past, although according to this article maybe not)

1. Aireys Inlet - Barwon Water (Painkalac Creek) Agricultural Activities (Treatment:MIEX, clarification, filtration and chlorination)
2. Albert Park - Melbourne Water/South East Water (Yarra River*) Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. (Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride)
3. Allansford - Wannon Water Clarification, filtration and disinfection (from February 2006 DAF). Chloramination Disinfection.
4. Alphington - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
5. Altona Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
6. Ampitheatre - Central Highlands Water Ampitheatre Reservoir
7. Anakie - Barwon Water East & West Moorabool River Hancock Spargo Plantation Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)
8. Anglesea - Barwon Water Wurdee Bolac Res Agricultural Activities (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment)
9. Antwerp - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System Untreated
10. Apsley - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water -Groundwater Untreated
11. Archies Creek - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
12. Arthurs Creek - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
13. Balaclava - Melbourne Water/South East Water* Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. (Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtrati nand chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride)
14. Ballan - Central Highlands Water/Bostok Reservoir & Korweinguboora Creek? ITC and Midway Plantations & Agricultural Activities Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
15. Ballarat and District (incl Ballarat East, North, South) - Central Highlands Water/WhiteSwan Res Lal Lal Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
16. Balwyn - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities (Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
17. Balwyn East - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
18. Balwyn West - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
19. Bannockburn - Barwon Water/Moorabool River Agriculture (Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)
20. Banyule - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
21. Barwon Heads - Barwon Water Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment)
22. Bass - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
23. Batesford - Barwon Water Korweinguboora Reservoir Hancock Spargo Plantation
24. Beechworth - North East Water/Nine Mile Creek, Frenchmans Creek,and Lake Kerford Hancock Beechworth Plantations Treatment: Direct Filtration with Chloramination Disinfection
25. Bellarine - Barwon Water Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment. Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment.
26. Benalla - Ryans Creek Hancock Mansfield Plantations Dissolved Air Floatation/Filtration Chloramination
27. Berriwollock - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System - Untreated
28. Beulah - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System - Untreated
29. Boisdale - Gippsland Water/Macalister River (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
30. Boolara - Gippsland Water/Walkley Creek (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
31. Boorcan - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
32. Boort - Coliban Water/GMW Channel Water clarification, Filtration, pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine
33. Borung - Coliban Water/Wimmera System untreated
34. Box Hill North - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
35. Breamlea -Barwon Water/Wurdee Boluc Res Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment. Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment.
36. Briar Hill - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
37. Bridgewater - Coliban Water/Loddon River Agricultural Activities Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Ammonia
38. Bright - North East Water/Ovens River Bakers Gully Hancock Ovens River Plantations Agricultural Practices Chlorination Disinfection
39. Brunswick - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
40. Brunwick East - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
41. Brunswick West - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
42. Buangor - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - McCleod Creek Weir? Untreated
43. Bulleen - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
44. Bundoora - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
45. Bungaree - Central Highlands Water (White Swan Res or Lal Lal Res) Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
46. Buninyong - Central Highlands Water (White Swan Res or Lal Lal Res) Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
47. Burwood - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
48. Cabarita - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
49. Camberwell - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
50. Camperdown - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations DAFF (Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration), filtration, Chloramination Disinfection and PAC
51. Canterbury - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
52. Cape Paterson - South Gippsland Water/Lance Creek DAFF Plant (20Ml/d) alum, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, polyelectrolyte & chlorination. Chlorination at Inverloch Tank Outlet. WEARS destratification at Lance Creek
53. Cardigan Village - Central Highlands Water (White Swan Res or Lal Lal Res) Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required.
54. Chillingollah - Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline/Murray River Untreated
55. Chinkapook - Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline/Murray River Untreated
56. Chocolyn - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
57. Clear Lake - Wimmera Mallee Channel System Untreated
58. Cobden - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River (Cobden Water Treatment) Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Coagulation, Flocculation, Solids Removal - (upflow clarification), filtration, pH Correction, Disinfection. Aluminum Sulphate, Hydrated Lime/Soda Ash, Polyacrylamide, Chlorine Gas
59. Cobram - Goulburn Valley Water/Murray River Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination. Powder Activated Carbon dosing facility available if required
60. Coburg - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
61. Cohuna - Coliban Water/Murray River Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Polyelectrolyte, Chlorine
62. Colbinabbin - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River GMW Channel Water Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
63. Congupna - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River System
64. Corinella - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
65. Coronet Bay - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
66. Corop - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water untreated
67. Cowangie - Groundwater untreated
68. Cowes - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
69. Culgoa - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
70. Creswick - White Swan/Lal Lal Res? Lawrence Reservoir?, Cosgrove Reservoir?, Russell Reservoir? Agricultural Activities Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chlorination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
71. Croxton - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
72. Culgoa -
73. Dalyston - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
74. Dean - Central Highlands Water Dean Reservoir Agricultural Activities Chlorination, Sodium Hypochlorite
75. Deepdene - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
76. Deer Park Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
77. Derrinallum - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations DAFF (Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration), filtration, Chloramination Disinfection and PAC
78. Devenish - North East Water/Lake Mulwala
79. Devils Gully - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
80. Diamond Creek - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
81. Dingee - Coliban Water/GMW Pyramid No 1 Channel
82. Dooen - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
83. Doncaster - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
84. Dookie -Goulburn Valley Water/East Goulburn Main ChannelGMW Channel Water Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
85. Doreen - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
86. Dumbalk - South Gippsland Water/Tarwin River East Branch Hancock Strzelecki Plantations Bluegum Plantations & Agricultural Activities Flocculation, clarification, filtration, chlorination, full treatment with poly aluminium chloride, soda ash, polyelectrolyte, sodium hypochlorite
87. Eaglemont - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
88. East Keilor Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
89. Echuca - Coliban Water/Murray River Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Fluoride
90. Eildon - Goulburn Valley Water/Lake Eildon Hancock PlantationsChlorination
91. Elmhurst - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Hickmans Creek? untreated
92. Elsternwick - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
93. Eltham - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
94. Elwood - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
95. Enfield - Central Highlands Water Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
96. Epping - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
97. Fairfield - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
98. Fishermens Bend - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
99. Fiskville - Central Highlands Water Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
100. Footscray Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
101. Foster - South Gippsland Water/Deep Creek Hancock Turtons Plantations Potassium permanganate, alum, soda ash, chlorine (gas), polyelectrolytes, coagulation, filtration, chlorination, aeration in raw water basin
102. Garden City - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
103. Gardenvale - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
104. Geelong (Highton)- Barwon Water/Korweinguboora Reservoir/Moorabool System/Wurdiboluc System Hancock Spargo Plantation Midway Plantations, AKD Plantations Agricultural Activities Wurdee Bolac Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
105. Gellibrand - Barwon Water/Lardners Creek Hancock Webster Hill Plantation Midway Plantations Agricultural Activities Clarification, filtration & chlorination
106. Gheringhap - Barwon Water/Moorabool River (Bannockburn) Agriculture Hancock Bungal Plantation (Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)
107. Ghotuk - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
108. Girgarre - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water G7/12/9 Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
109. Gisborne - Western Water/Rosslynne Reservoir/Greenvale Reservoir (Yarra Source) Hancock Macedon Plantations Rosslynne System Treatment: Oxidation, Coagulation, pH Correction, Dissolved Air Floatation, Filtration, Chloramination, Additional Chlorination. Added Substances: Aluminum Sulphate, Potassium Permanganate (as required), Polyelectrolyte, Lime, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Sodium Hypochlorite
110. Glenforbes - Westernport Water/Bass River & Candowie Reservoir Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
111. Glen Iris - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
112. Glenmore - Central Highlands Water Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
113. Glenorchy - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
114. Glenormiston - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
115. Glenrowan - North East Water/Fifteen Mile Creek Hancock Mansfield Plantation Tube Settler Clarifier/Filtration Chlorination Treatment
116. Glenthompson - Wannon Water/Yuppechiar Creek & GMWM from Willaura Clarification, Filtration, Chloramination Disinfection
117. Gordon - Central Highlands Water Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
118. Goroke - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Groundwater untreated
119. Goulburn Weir - Murray Valley Water/Goulburn System Untreated
120. Grantville - Westernport Water/Bass River/Lance Creek & Candowie Reservoir Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
121. Great Western - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water/Lake Fyans Microfiltration
122. Greensborough - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
123. Greythorn - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
124. Gunbower - Coliban Water/Murray River? Filtration, disinfection, Chlorine
125. The Gurdies - Westernport Water/Bass River, Lance Creek & Candowie Reservoir Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
126. Haddon - Central Highlands Water/White Res Lal Lal Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
127. Hawthorn - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
128. Hawthorn East - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
129. Heidelberg - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
130. Heidelberg Heights - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
131. Heidelberg West - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
132. Heyfield - Gippsland Water/Thomson River
133. Hurstbridge - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
134. Indented Head - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment. Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment.
135. Inglewood - Coliban Water/Loddon River Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Ammonia
136. Inverleigh - Barwon Water/Moorabool River/Bannockburn Agriculture Hancock Bungal Plantation (Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)
137. Inverloch - South Gippsland Water/Lance Creek DAFF Plant (20Ml/d) alum, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, polyelectrolyte & chlorination. Chlorination at Inverloch Tank Outlet. WEARS destratification at Lance Creek
138. Irymple - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
139. Ivanhoe - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
140. Jarklin - Coliban Water/Loddon River untreated
141. Jeparit - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
142. Kaniva - Grampians& Wimmera Mallee Water - Groundwater
143. Kangaroo Ground - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
144. Katamatite - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel 7/3) Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
145. Katandra West - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel 2/24) Coaggulation/Flocculation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
146. Katunga - Goulburn Valley Water/Ground Water
147. Keon Park - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
148. Kerang - Lower Murray Water/Murray River/Loddon River/14/2 Irrigation Channel Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
149. Kew - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
150. Kiata - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water groundwater
151. Kilcunda - Westernport Water/ Bass River, Lance Creek & Candowie Reservoir Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
152. Kings Billabong - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
153. Kingsbury - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
154. Kingston - Central Highlands Water/Bore
155. Kirwan's Bridge - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn System untreated
156. Koondrook - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
157. Koonwarra - South Gippsland Water/Ruby Creek plantations and agricultural activity Full treatment with alum, potassium permanganate, powdered activated carbon, soda ash, chlorine (gas), coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination aeration at all reservoirs
158. Koriot - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River (Warrnambool Treatment)Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Clarification, filtration and disinfection (from February 2006 DAF). Chloramination Disinfection.
159. Korumburra - South Gippsland Water/Coalition, Bellview and Ness Creeks Agriculture and Golf Course Full treatment with powdered activated carbon, alum, potassium permanganate, soda ash, chlorine (gas), coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, aeration at No.1 Reservoir (Powdered Activated Carbon only used 1-2 weeks per year).
160. Kyabram - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel CG23/9) Raw Water Detention, Coaggulation/Flocculation, Dissolved Air Flotation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination. Powder Activtated Carbon dosing facility available if required
161. Laanecoorie - Coliban Water/Loddon River Agricultural Activities Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Ammonia
162. Lake Boga - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
163. Lal Lal - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res, White Swan Res. Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water PlantationsDissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
164. Lalor - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley WaterAgricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
165. Lancefield - Western Water/Monument Creek/Deep Creek (Agricultural Activities) Chloramination, Sodium Hypochlorite, Aqueous Ammonia
166. Landsborough - Central Highlands Water/Bore Landsborough Reservoir untreated
167. Lara - Barwon Water/Korweinguboora Reservoir Agriculture Hancock Spargo Plantation Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
168. Lascelles - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water/Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
169. Leitchville - Coliban Water/GMW Channel/Gunbower Creek.
170. Leongatha - South Gippsland Water/Ruby Creek plantations and agricultural activity Full treatment with alum, potassium permanganate, powdered activated carbon, soda ash, chlorine (gas), coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination aeration at all reservoirs
171. Leopold - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment
172. Lethbridge - Barwon Water/Moorabool River (Bannockburn)Agriculture Hancock Bungal Plantation Microfiltration & Chlorination
173. Lexton - Central Highlands Water/Lexton Reservoir
174. Lillimur - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water groundwater
175. Linton - Central Highlands Water Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
176. Lismore - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations DAFF (Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration), filtration, Chloramination Disinfection and PAC
177. Little River Region- Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities
178. Little River West - Barwon Water/East & West Moorabool River Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
179. Loch - South Gippsland Water/Little Bass River Agricultural Activities Full treatment of alum, soda ash, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite & ammonia (chloramination), polyelectrolyte, coagulation, filtration. Aeration at Little Bass Reservoir & Powdered Activated Carbon dosing
180. Lockington -Coliban Water GMW Channel Water Clarification, Filtration, pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine
181. Lower Plenty - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
182. Macedon - Western Water/Riddells Creek/Greenvale Reservoir (Yarra Source) Hancock Macedon Railway Plantations Rosslynne System Treatment: Oxidation, Coagulation, pH Correction, Dissolved Air Floatation, Filtration, Chloramination, Additional Chlorination. Added Substances: Aluminum Sulphate, Potassium Permanganate (as required), Polyelectrolyte, Lime, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Sodium Hypochlorite
183. Macleod - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
184. Maffra - Gippsland Water/Macalister River (Macalister Irrigation District) Gippsland Water can add lime, soda ash as pre-treatment, iron or aluminium salt used during flocculation, clarification, Filtration can be either sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Most widely used disinfectant is chlorination, Chloramination is used, in region Fluoride
185. Malvern - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
186. Marcorna - Coliban Water GMW Channel Water untreated
187. Marlo - East Gippsland Water/Rocky River Harris Daishowa Plantations Coagulation (alum), flocculation, clarification, chlorine disinfection, sodium hypochlorite disinfection
188. Marnoo - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
189. Meeniyan - South Gippsland Water/Tarwin River Hancock Strzelecki Plantations Bluegums & Agricultural Activities Polyaluminium chloride, soda ash, polyelectrolyte coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination (sodium hypochlorite)
190. Melbourne - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
191. Merbein - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
192. Meredith - Barwon Water/West Moorabool River Agriculture Hancock Bungal Plantation Microfiltration & Chlorination
193. Mernda - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
194. Merrigum -Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel CG23/9 via pipeline from Kyabram
195. Middle Park - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
196. Mildura - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
197. Mildura South - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
198. Mildura West - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
199. Mill Park - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
200. Minyip - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water/ Wimmera Mallee Channel System. Headworks Grampians – open channels through farmland. Water will soon be supplied via Grampians Wimmera Mallee Pipeline
201. Miram - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water groundwater
202. Mitiamo - Coliban Water GMW Channel Water untreated
203. Moe - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek Hancock Childers Plantations (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination) Fluoride
204. Mont Albert - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
205. Montmorency - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
206. Montpellier - Barwon Water East & West Moorabool River Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination)Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
207. Moonee Ponds Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
208. Moorabool - Barwon Water/East & West Moorabool River Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
209. Mooroopna - Goulburn River via Shepparton
210. Moriac - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
211. Mortlake - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River (Terang Treatment) Hancock Otways Plantations Midway PlantationsAdsorption Clarification, Filtration, Chloramination Disinfection
212. Mount Egerton - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
213. Mount Helen - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
214. Mount Macedon - Western Water/Riddells Creek/Greenvale Reservoir (Yarra Source) Hancock Macedon Railway Plantations Rosslynne System Treatment: Oxidation, Coagulation, pH Correction, Dissolved Air Floatation, Filtration, Chloramination, Additional Chlorination. Added Substances: Aluminum Sulphate, Potassium Permanganate (as required), Polyelectrolyte, Lime, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Sodium Hypochlorite
215. Moyhu - North East Water/King River Hancock Mansfield Plantation Pressure Filter Chlorination Treatment
216. Moyston - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Stoney Creek/groundwater
217. Murchison - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
218. Murrabit - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
219. Myrniong - Western Water/Werribee River Hancock Spargo Plantation
220. Mysia - Coliban Water GMW Western Waranga Channel Water untreated
221. Nagambie - Goulburn Valley Water/Lake Nagambie (Goulburn River)Coaggulation/Flocculation - process applied occasionally or intermittently, Membrane Filtration
222. Nandaly - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline Murray River untreated
223. Napoleons - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
224. Nathalia - Goulburn Valley Water/Broken Creek Hancock Plantations Pre-Disinfection (process applied for part of the year), Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
225. Natimuk - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
226. Navarre - Central Highlands Water/Franks Gully Reservoir Landsborough
227. Nerrina - Central Highlands WaterWhite Res Lal Lal Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
228. Newborough - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek Hancock Childers Plantations (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
229. Newhaven - Westernport Water (Bass River & Candowie Reservoir) Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
230. Newlyn - Central Highlands Water/Bore
231. Newmeralla - East Gippsland Water/Rocky River Harris Daishowa Plantations Coagulation (alum), flocculation, clarification, chlorine disinfection, sodium hypochlorite disinfection
232. Nhill - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water groundwater
233. Nichols Point - Lower Murray Water Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
234. Noojee - Gippsland Water/Loch River/Deep Creek Hancock Loch Valley Plantations Gippsland Water can add lime, soda ash as pre-treatment, iron or aluminium salt used during flocculation, clarification, Filtration can be either sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Most widely used disinfectant is chlorination, Chloramination is used, in region
235. Noorat - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River (Terang Treatment) Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Adsorption Clarification, Filtration, Chloramination Disinfection
236. Noradjuha - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
237. Northcote - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
238. Northland Centre - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
239. Nullawil - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System. Headworks Grampians – open channels through farmland. Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Project Supply System 5 Works should be completed April 2008
240. Numurkah - Goulburn Valley Water/Broken Creek Hancock Plantations Agricultural Activities GMW Channel Water Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
241. Nutfield - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
242. Nyah - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
243. Nyah West - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
244. Nyora - South Gippsland Water/Little Bass River Agricultural Activities Full treatment of alum, soda ash, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite & ammonia (chloramination), polyelectrolyte, coagulation, filtration. Aeration at Little Bass Reservoir & Powdered Activated Carbon dosing
245. Ocean Grove - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Res Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment
246. Orbost - East Gippsland Water/Brodribb River, Rocky River Harris Daishowa Plantations Coagulation (alum), flocculation, clarification, chlorine disinfection, sodium hypochlorite disinfection
247. Ouyen - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water/Murray River Northern Mallee Pipeline DAFF Treatment. Lime or caustic soda may be added. Alum & Polyelectroytes added. Sand/carbon/gravel fillers. Also Microfiltration
248. Oxley - North East Water/King River Hancock North East Plantations Pressure Filter. Chlorination Treatment
249. Parkville region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities
250. Pascoe Vale - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
251. Patchewollock - Grampians and Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline untreated
252. Peterborough - Wannon Water
253. Pettavel - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Res Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
254. Piangil - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
255. Picola -Goulburn Valley Water/ Murray River GMW Channel Water channel 9/9/9 Raw Water Detention, Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
256. Pimpinio - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
257. Plenty - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
258. Point Lonsdale - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment. Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment.
259. Poowong - South Gippsland Water/Little Bass River Agricultural Activities Full treatment of alum, soda ash, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite & ammonia (chloramination), polyelectrolyte, coagulation, filtration. Aeration at Little Bass Reservoir & Powdered Activated Carbon dosing
260. Porepunkah - North East Water/Ovens River Hancock Plantations Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection
261. Portarlington - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Res Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment
262. Port Campbell - Wannon Water Aeration, Filtration, Chlorination Disinfection
263. Prahan - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
264. Preston - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
265. Purnim - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Chlorination Disinfection
266. Pyramid Hill - Coliban Water GMW Channel Water Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine
267. Queenscliff - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment
268. Red Cliffs - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
269. Research - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
270. Reservoir - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
271. Riddells Creek- Western Water/Rosslynne Reservoir/Greenvale Reservoir (Yarra Source) Hancock Macedon Plantations Rosslynne System Treatment: Oxidation, Coagulation, pH Correction, Dissolved Air Floatation, Filtration, Chloramination, Additional Chlorination. Added Substances: Aluminum Sulphate, Potassium Permanganate (as required), Polyelectrolyte, Lime, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Sodium Hypochlorite
272. Ripponlea - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
273. Robinvale - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF)Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
274. Rochester - Coliban Water/Campaspe River GMW Channel Waters Clarification, Filtration, pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine
275. Romsey - Western Water/Deep Creek Agricultural Activities Agricultural Activities Microfiltration, Chloramination, pre-Fluoride by Melb Water. Aluminium Chlorohydrate (as required), Sodium hypochlorite, Aqueous Ammonia, Sodium Silica Hexa Fluoride.
276. Rosanna - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
277. Rupanyap - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Project Supply System 3 & 4 Works Rupanyap should be supplied by pipeline early 2008
278. Rutherglen/Wahgunyah - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Direct Filtration. Chlorination Treatment
279. Seaspray - Gippsland Water/Merrimans Creek Hancock Strzelecki Plantations (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
280. Sebastapool - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
281. Serpentine - Coliban Water/Serpentine Creek Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Ammonia
282. Serviceton - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Groundwater untreated
283. Shepparton - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Dissolved Air Flotation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
284. Simpson - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations DAFF, Filtration and Chlorination Disinfection
285. Skipton - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
286. Smeaton - Central Highlands Water/Bore
287. Smiths Gully - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
288. Smythesdale - Central Highlands Water Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
289. Southbank - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
290. South Melbourne - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
291. South Morang - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
292. South Purrumbete - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations
293. South Yarra - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
294. Speed - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline untreated
295. Stanhope - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel CGI/12/9) Coaggulation/Flocculation, Sedimentation Dam, Chlorination
296. Stawell - Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water/Lake Fyans Agricultural Activities Enviroinvest Plantations DAFF Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration. Lime or caustic soda can be added. Alum and polyelectroytes used. Sand/carbon or gravel filters
297. Steiglitz - Barwon Water/Moorabool System Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination?)
298. St. James - North East Water/Lake Mulwala/Murray River via pipeline Hancock PlantationsGMW Channel Water Sedimentation Treatment
299. St.Kilda/East - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
300. St/Kilda/West - Melbourne Water/South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
301. St. Leonards - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment. Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment.
302. Stratford - Gippsland Water/Macalister River Macalister Irrigation District) (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)Fluoride
303. Strathmore Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
304. Streatham - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water groundwater
305. Swan Hill - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
306. Tallygaroopna - Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River (Shepparton WTP) Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Dissolved Air Flotation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
307. Tarnagulla - Coliban Water/Loddon River Clarification, Filtration, (Taste/odour/algae toxin removal), pH correction, disinfection, alum/alum chlorhydrate, Poly electrolyte, Activated Carbon, (Lime/soda ash/caustic soda/carbon dioxide sulphuric acid), Chlorine, Ammonia
308. Tarranyurk - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
309. Tatura - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channel CG/3/5A Raw Water Detention, Coaggulation/Flocculation, Dissolved Air Flotation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination. Powder Activtated Carbon available if required
310. Teesdale - Barwon Water/Moorabool River Agriculture Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) and chlorination) Wurdee Bolac (Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
311. Templestowe Lower - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
312. Tempy - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water - Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline untreated
313. Terang - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Adsorption Clarification, Filtration, Chloramination Disinfection
314. Thomastown - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
315. Thornbury - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
316. Thorpdale - Gippsland Water/Easterbrook Creek Agricultural Production (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
317. Tongala - Goulburn Valley Water GMW Channel Water (channels CG 16/28/9 + 28/9) Raw Water Detention, Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
318. Toolamba -Goulburn Valley Water/Goulburn River via Shepparton Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Dissolved Air Flotation, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
319. Torquay - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Res Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment)(Aeration, Oxidation and pH adjustment
320. Trafalgar - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek Hancock Childers Plantations (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
321. Tungamah - North East Water/Broken Creek/River Sedimentation Treatment Chlorination Disinfection
322. Underbool - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline untreated
323. View Bank - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
324. Waitchie - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Northern Mallee Pipeline or Normanville Pipeline untreated
325. Wallace - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
326. Wandiligong - North EastWater/Ovens River + Bakers Gully Hancock Plantations Chlorination Disinfection
327. Wangaratta - North East Water/Ovens River+King River Hancock Plantations Direct Filtration & Sedimentation Filtration? Chlorination Treatment
328. Warrnambool - Wannon Water/Gellibrand River Hancock Otways Plantations Midway Plantations Clarification, filtration and disinfection (from February 2006 DAF). Chloramination Disinfection.
329. Watsonia - Melbourne Water/ Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
330. Wattle Glen - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
331. Waubra - Central Highlands Water/Bore
332. Wendouree - Central Highlands Water/Lal Lal Res White Swan Res Agricultural Activities & Central Highlands Water Plantations Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (Treatment: DAFF, Chloramination) (Lime, Aluminium Sulphate, Poly electrolyte, Chlorine Gas, Aqueous Ammonia, Powder Activtated Carbon ^, Potassium Permangenate^) ^ Added substance if required
333. Werribee Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
334. Werribee South Region - Melbourne Water/City West Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
335. Westbury - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek Hancock Childers Plantations (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
336. Whittlesea - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
337. Winchelsea - Barwon Water/Wurdee Bolac Agricultural Activities Direct enhanced filtration, chlorination and alkalinity adjustment
338. Windsor - Melbourne Water South East Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Reservoir sometimes supplies South East Water Customers, particularly in drier times. Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
339. Wonthaggi - South Gippsland Water/Lance Creek DAFF Plant (20Ml/d) alum, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, polyelectrolyte & chlorination. Chlorination at Inverloch Tank Outlet. WEARS destratification at Lance Creek
340. Woodend - Western Water/Campaspse Reservoir (Campaspe River)/Reservoir B & C (Falls Creek, Smokers Creek). Greenvale Res (Melb Water) Woodend System: Coagulation, pH Correction, Dissolved Air Floatation, Chloramination, Pre-Fluoridation by MW. Powdered Activtated Carbon (as required by Marriages WFP). aluminium sulphate, polyelectrolyte, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hypochlorite, aqueous ammonia, sodium silica hexafluoride
341. Woolamai - Westernport Water Bass River, Lance Creek & Candowie Reservoir Rimbunan Hijau Plantations Chlorine disinfectant. Oxidation (potassium permanganate), taste & odour removal (powder activated carbon), coagulation/flocculation (aluminum sulphate), dissoved air flotation/filtration, pH correction (caustic soda - sodium hydroxide). Sodium hydroxide also sometimes used.
342. Woorinen South - Lower Murray Water/Murray River Sedimentation/coagulation & flocculation. Sand Filters. Polyelectrolytes, lime (soda ash, sodium hydroxide). Chlorination
343. Wunghnu - Goulburn Valley Water/Broken Creek from Numurkah (Numurkah Water Treatment Plant) Hancock Plantations Coaggulation/Flocculation, Upflow Clarifier, Granular Media Filtration, Chlorination
344. Whychitella - Coliban Water - Wimmera System untreated
345. Yaapeet - Grampians & Wimmera Mallee Water Wimmera Mallee Channel System untreated
346. Yackandandah - North East Water/Nine Mile Creek Hancock North East Plantations Upflow Clarifier/Filtration. Chlorination Disinfection
347. Yallambie - Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride
348. Yallourn North - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek(Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
349. Yarragon - Gippsland Water/Narracan Creek (Gippsland Water treatment: coagulation, floculation, clarification. Lime may be added. Water can be filtered using sand, gravel, charcoal or plastic beads. Disinfectants can be either Chlorine or Chloramination)
350. Yarrambat- Melbourne Water/Yarra Valley Water Agricultural Activities Sugarloaf Treatment: coagulation, flocculation, upflow clarification, rapid granular media filtration and chlorination. Alum, Chlorination & Lime, Fluoride

9. Discussion

9.1 Barwon Water

Time covered in FoI request: 28/10/99 - 17/9/07.

51 positive pesticide results. Most of the results relate to hexazinone leaching from Korweingaboora pine plantation. 5 positive readings for 2,4-D, 1 positive result for Glyphosate and 1 positive result for Dieldrin.

Pesticides Currently Tested for by Barwon Water

Organochlorines: 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, Aldrin, BHC-a, BHC-b, BHC-d, Cis-Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endosulphan 1, Endosulphan 2, Endosulphan Sulphate, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Trans-Chlordane. Organophosphorus: Chlopyrifos, Coumphanos, Demeton-S, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, EPN, Fensulfonthion, Fenthion, Malathion, Methyl Parathion, Monocrotophos, Parathion, Phorate, Prohos, Ronnel, Tetrachlorvinphos, Tetraethyldithiopyrophos, Trichlorinate, Tukuthion. Herbicides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, 2,4,6-T, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DP, 2,6-D, 4-Chlorophenoxy acetic acid, Dicamba, MCBP, Mecoprop, Trichlopyr. Herbicides 2: Clopyralid, Hexazinone, Molinate, Picloran, Temephos Herbicides 3: Paraquat, Diquat NMI Org 1: Atrazine, Chlofenvinphos, Diuron, Endosulphan, Propiconazole, Glyphosate. NMI Org 4: Mancozeb, Metiram, Amitrole. NMI Org 5: Qunitozene, Phorate, Pirimicarb, Chlorothalonil, Propachlor.

Testing varies at different locations, basically done on a quarterly basis.

Largest regional urban water authority. Barwon River (Otways)/ Wurdee Boluc supplies 70% of water for Geelong, Bellarine Peninsula & Surf Coast. Moorabool System supplies Anakie, Staughton Vale, Bannockburn, Gheringhap, Teesdale, Shelford, Inverleigh & Geelong. Otways supplies Colac & Cressy. Gellibrand, Aireys Inlet/Fairhaven, Apollo Bay/Skenes Creek & Lorne have their own water supplies.

Pesticides used in Cropping in Victoria here

Pesticides used in Grazing Industry in Victoria

Pesticides used in the Tree Plantation Industry in Victoria

Nov 23 2009: Anglesea Aquifer Kicks Off

http://www.theage.com.au/environment/water-issues/angelsea-aquifer-kicks-off-20091122-isui.html

More information here

Table of places supplied with drinking water from Barwon Water. Red indicates risk, Orange indicates lower risk, Green indicates very low risk.

9.2 Central Highlands Water

Time covered in FoI request: 3/10/06 - 7/12/07

Pesticides tested once a year (November) for; DDT, Aldrin and Dieldrin, Chlordane, Hexachlorobenzene, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Lindane, Methoxychlor, 2,4-D, Atrazine.

No positive pesticide results.

Location of test sites: Amphitheatre, Avoca Clear Water Storage “CWS”, Beaufort CWS, Blackwood CWS, Clunes CWS, Daylesford Low Level Basin, Dean CWS, Forest Hill CWS, Glut-Raglan Pipeline (Raglan), Lal Lal CWS, Landsborough Reservoir, Learmonth CWS, Maryborough CWS, Waubra CWS, White Swan CWS.

Pesticides used in Cropping in Victoria here

Pesticides used in Grazing Industry in Victoria

Pesticides used in the Tree Plantation Industry in Victoria

Pesticides Commonly Used in the Vegetable Industry in Victoria

More information on Central Highlands Water here

Water now piped in from Goulburn Murray System (Waranga Western Channel) to back up depleted Ballarat Supply

May 20 2008: Water Rushing and Lots of Gushing

May 20 2008: Pipeline Worth Its Weight in Gold to Ballarat

Much of the Ballarat Water supply (excluding Lal Lal Reservoir catchment) is covered with potato crops and pine plantations. The following pesticides are likely to be used within the catchment. Note that Central Highlands Water only test for two currently used pesticides; 2,4-D and Atrazine.

Information on pesticides sourced from Pesticide Action Network

Herbicides used in CHW pine plantations in water supply; Under Canopy Weed Control: Weedmaster Duo (Glyphosate 360g/L), Roundup Biactive (Glyphosate 360g/L), Brush-Off (Metsulfuron Methyl 600g/Kg).

Pine Plantation Establishment: Velpar DF (Hexazinone 750g/kg). Strip or spot application (spot application using Velmac G) depending on site requirements at 5kg/ha. The amount applied is to 33% of total area (due to plantation rows).

2nd year pine establishment: Velmac G (hexazinone 200g/ka). Spot applied on each tree in the plantation row at 2g/tree. 2.6kg/ha (1300 trees ha)

Gastion Tablets (Aluninium phosphide)

http://www.chw.net.au/geog_2003.htm

Table of places supplied with drinking water from Central HighlandsWater. Red indicates risk, Orange indicates lower risk, Green indicates very low risk.

9.3 Coliban Water

Note: no testing for Atrazine, which Goulburn Murray Water detected at Rochester/Corop (mar 05, sep-oct 05 & feb-apr 06). Endosulfan detected GMW Oct 04-apr 05, sep 05, nov 05-feb 06).

No testing for Atrazine,which Goulburn Murray Water detected at West Boort (oct 04-dec 04, feb 05-apr 05, sep 05-oct 05, mar 06 – apr 06). Endosulfan detected GMW Oct 04-jan 05, mar 05-apr 05 sep 05, dec 05-mar 06).

Current Pesticide Testing

Raw Water: Test for 2,4-D @5µg/L, Aldrin, B-a-Pyrene, Chlor, DDT, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Lindane at most locations once a year. Less than half locations get tested once per six months.

Customer Tap Water Tests 1/7/04 to present day: Test for 2,4-D @5µg/L, Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Epoxide, Gamma HCH, Heptachlor, Benzo(a)pyrene mostly every three months.

Pesticides used in Cropping in Victoria here

Pesticides used in Vineyards in Australian here

Pesticides used in Grazing Industry in Victoria

Pesticides used in the Tree Plantation Industry in Victoria

Apple and Pear Orchard Pesticides

Pesticides Commonly Used in the Vegetable Industry in Victoria

April 29 2009: Melbourne seeks water from NSW (by Peter Hunt Weekly Times)

Table of places supplied with drinking water from Coliban Water. Red indicates risk, Orange indicates lower risk, Green indicates very low risk.